Planning and Control
Planning -- involves developing objectives and preparing various budgets to achieve these objectives.
Control -- involves the steps taken by management that attempt to ensure the objectives are attained.

Advantages of Budgeting
Responsibility Accounting
  Managers should be held responsible for those items — and only those items — thatthe manager can actually controlto a significant extent.

Choosing the Budget Period
Choosing the Budget Period
Participative Budget System
The Budget Committee
A standing committee responsible for
overall policy matters relating to the budget
coordinating the preparation of the budget

Zero-Base Budgeting
Managers are required to justify all budgeted expenditures, not just changes in the budget from the previous year. The baseline is zero rather than last year’s budget.